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Guideline

CONSTRUCTION CODE FOR PRESSURE VESSELS

Notification No.196 of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare
April 30, 2003

In Japanese


Part 1. Construction Code for First Class Pressure Vessels

Chapter 1. General Provisions


Article 1. Main Materials
1. Main materials for First Class pressure vessels shall be ferrous or nonferrous materials with chemical compositions and mechanical properties that can be used safely under the possible chemical and physical influences of the maximum allowable working pressure and working temperature.

Article 2. Restrictions on Use of Materials
The materials described in each row in the left column of the following table shall not be used for any of the First Class pressure vessels or the parts thereof exposed to pressure which are listed in the same row in the right column of the table.

Material First Class pressure vessels or the parts thereof exposed to pressure
1. Carbon steels or low alloy steels with a carbon content exceeding 0.35% Parts to be welded
2. Steels specified in JIS G3106 (Rolled Steels for Welded Structure) (except SM400A, SM490A, and SM490YA specified in this Standard) and materials with equivalent or inferior mechanical properties Shells, head plates or any other similar parts of First Class pressure vessels exceeding 3 MPa in maximum allowable working pressure
3. Steels specified in JIS G3101 (Rolled Steel for General Structure), and SM400A, SM490A, and SM490YA specified in JIS G3106 (Rolled Steels for Welded Structure), steel pipes specified in JIS G3457 (Arc Welded Carbon Steel Pipes), and materials with equivalent or inferior mechanical properties Parts of pressure vessels listed below:
a. Shells, head plates and other similar parts of pressure vessels Class 1 exceeding 1.6 MPa in maximum allowable working pressure;
b. Shells with longitudinal welded joints and head plates with similar welded joints of First Class pressure vessels exceeding 1 MPa in maximum allowable working pressure;
c. Those shells, head plates and other similar parts of First Class pressure vessels which have a base metal of weld zones exceeding 16 mm in thickness; and
d. Shells, head plates and other similar parts of those First Class pressure vessels which are intended to contain lethal substances.
4. Carbon steel pipes specified in JIS G3452 (Carbon Steel Pipes for Ordinary Piping), and materials with equivalent or inferior mechanical properties Pressure vessels or their parts specified below:
a. First Class pressure vessels exceeding 1 MPa in maximum allowable working pressure or any parts thereof;
b. First Class pressure vessels exposed to a working temperature below 0 °C or over 100 °C (or over 200 °C for pressure vessels for containing compressed air, steam or water; or 350 °C for those intended to contain a liquid with a maximum allowable working pressure of less than 0.2 MPa; or any part thereof; and
c. First Class pressure vessels intended to contain any lethal substance or any of the dangerous materials listed in the Attached Table 1 of the Enforcement Order of the Industrial Safety and Health Law (Cabinet Order No. 318 of 1972).
5. Cast iron First Class pressure vessels for containing any inflammable, combustible or toxic liquid or any part of such pressure vessels
6. Materials specified in JIS G5501 (Grey Iron Castings) and Pearlite malleable iron castings specified in JIS G5705 (Malleable Iron Castings), and materials with equivalent or inferior mechanical properties First Class pressure vessels or their parts specified below:
a. First Class pressure vessels for containing any inflammable, combustible or toxic liquid or any part of such pressure vessels;
b. First Class pressure vessels exceeding 1.1 MPa in maximum allowable working pressure or any part thereof (not including fittings); and
c. Those fittings of First Class pressure vessels which are intended for use in a working environment exposed to pressure exceeding 1.6 MPa
7. FCD400 and FCD450 specified in JIS G5502 (Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings), blackheart malleable iron castings specified in JIS G5705 (Malleable Iron Castings), and materials with equivalent or inferior mechanical properties First Class pressure vessels or their parts described below:
a. First Class pressure vessels for containing inflammable, combustible or toxic liquid or any part of such pressure vessels;
b. First Class pressure vessels exceeding 1.8 MPa in maximum allowable working pressure or any part thereof (not including fittings); and
c. Those fittings of First Class pressure vessels which are intended for use in a working environment exposed to pressure over 2.4 MPa

Article 3. Allowable Tensile Stresses of Materials
The allowable tensile stress values of ferrous or nonferrous materials shall be in accordance with the following:
(1) The allowable tensile stress of ferrous or nonferrous materials shall be the minimum of the following values:
a. 1/4 of the minimum tensile strength at room temperature
b. 1/4 of the tensile strength at the working temperature
c. 1/1.5 of the minimum value of the yield point or of 0.2% proof stress at room temperature
d. 1/1.5 of the yield point or of 0.2% proof stress at the working temperature (90% of the 0.2% proof stress at the working temperature may apply to austenitic stainless steels if such material is used for any of the appropriate parts specified by the Director-General of the Prefectural Labour Bureau)
(2) Notwithstanding the provisions in (1) above, the allowable tensile stress of the steels specified in JIS G3115 (Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels for Intermediate Temperature Service), JIS G3120 (Manganese-Molybdenum and Manganese- Molybdenum- Nickel Alloy Steel Plates Quenched and Tempered for Pressure Vessels), JIS G3126 (Carbon Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels for Low Temperature Service), JIS G3127 (Nickel Steel Plates for Pressure Vessels for Low Temperature Service), and those having equivalent or superior mechanical properties may take the smaller of the following values:
(a) A value obtained by multiplying the minimum value of the yield point or the 0.2% proof stress at room temperature by 0.5 (1.6 -γ)
(b) A value obtained by multiplying the yield point or the 0.2% proof stress at the working temperature by 0.5 (1.6 -γ);
(Where γ means the ratio of the yield point or 0.2% proof stress to the tensile strength except when the value of γ is less than 0.7, in which case it shall be 0.7 whatever such ratio may be.)
(3) Notwithstanding the provisions in the item 1 of this paragraph, the allowable tensile stress for bolts that are strengthened using such measures as heat treatment shall be the minimum of the values determined under the said item and those specified below;
(a) 1/5 of the minimum tensile strength at room temperature;
(b) 1/4 of the minimum value of the yield point or the 0.2% proof stress at room temperature.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions in the preceding paragraph, the allowable tensile stress when the allowable working temperature of materials is within their creep range shall be the minimum of the following values:
(a) Mean value of the stress producing a 0.01% creep in 1,000 hours at the said temperature
(b) 1/1.5 of the mean value of the stress producing a rupture in 100,000 hours at the said temperature
(c) 1/1.25 of the minimum value of the stress producing a rupture in 100,000 hours at the said temperature

Article 4. Allowable Tensile Stress of Castings
The allowable tensile stress of castings shall be as set forth in the followings:
(1) The allowable tensile stress of iron castings shall be either of the values specified for different categories of the said castings in (a) and (b) below:
(a) 1/6.25 of the tensile strength at the working temperature for FCD400 and FCD450 specified in JIS G5502 (Spheroidal Graphite Iron Castings), blackheart malleable iron castings specified in JIS G5705 (Malleable Iron Castings), and iron castings having equivalent or superior mechanical properties
(b) 1/10 of the tensile strength at the working temperature for other iron castings
(2) The allowable tensile stress of steel castings shall be the value obtained by multiplying the appropriate one of the values obtained from the item 1 of the paragraph 1 or the paragraph 2 of the preceding Article by the applicable one of the casting factors given in (a) and (b) below:
(a) 0.8 for the steel castings in JIS G5101 (Carbon Steel Castings) with a chemical composition not exceeding the chemical contents specified in the right column of the following table for each type of steel castings shown in the left column of the same table, and for the steel castings in JIS G5102 (Steel Castings for Welded Structure), JIS G5121 (Stainless Steel Castings), JIS G5151 (Steel Castings for High Temperature and High Pressure Service) and JIS G5152 (Steel Castings for Low Temperature and High Pressure Service), and steel castings having equivalent or superior mechanical properties, while 0.9 or 1.0 can be used for those steel castings which have met the requirements of the tests prescribed by the Director-General of the Prefectural Labour Bureau, depending on the category and method of the test performed.

Type of steel castings Chemical composition
Carbon Manganese Phosphorus Sulfur Silicon Nickel Chromium Copper
SC360 and SC410 0.25 0.7 0.04 0.04 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
SC450 and SC480 0.35 0.7 0.04 0.04 0.6 0.5 0.5 0.5
Remarks:
1. The chemical contents are given in percentage.
2. The manganese content may be increased by 0.04% for every 0.01% decrease in the carbon content, compared with the levels specified in the table. However, the manganese content shall never exceed 1.10% .
3. The nickel, chromium and copper contents shall not exceed 1.0% in combined total.

(b) casting factor of 0.67 for other steel castings
(3) The allowable tensile stress of nonferrous metal castings shall be the value obtained by multiplying the value derived from the item 1 of the paragraph 1 of the preceding Article by a casting factor of 0.8.

Article 5. Allowable Tensile Stress of Clad Steels
The allowable tensile stress of clad steels shall be determined by the following equation:

σa=
σa1t1 + σa2t2
t1 + t2
Where
σa = allowable tensile stress of the clad steel (N/mm2)
σa1 = allowable tensile stress of the base metal (N/mm2)
t1 = thickness of the base metal (mm)
σa2 = allowable tensile stress of the cladding metal (N/mm2)
t2 = thickness of the cladding metal (mm)

Article 6. Allowable Compressive Stress of Materials
1. The allowable compressive stress of any material (other than cast iron) shall be equal to the allowable tensile stress of the material.
2. The allowable compressive stress of cast iron shall be twice as large as the allowable tensile stress of the said material.

Article 7. Allowable Bending Stress of Materials
1. The allowable bending stress of materials shall be 1.5 times as large as the allowable tensile stress of material.
2. Notwithstanding the provisions in the preceding paragraph, the allowable bending stress of ferrous and nonferrous materials when the working temperature is in a creep range shall be equal to their respective allowable tensile stresses.

Article 8. Allowable Shearing Stress of Materials
The allowable shearing stress of materials shall be 80% of their respective allowable tensile stresses.

INDEX
1-1 / 1-2 / 1-3 / 1-4 / 1-5 / 2
Supplementary Provisions


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