There are many occurrences of industrial
accidents as a result of the collapse
of
natural ground and objects falling
from high
places. To prevent such dangers, employers
are required to take the following
measures.
|
1.Measures for prevention of dangers due
to collapse of natural ground, etc.
|
| (1) |
Preventing the collapse of natural ground
or the fall of earth and rocks
|
|
Carrying out advance research concerning
the nature of the soil, strata, etc., whether
cracks, water contents, underground springs
and/or soil freezes are present, whether
buried objects, etc., are present, whether
high temperature gas or steam is present,
and other relevant factors.
|
| (2) |
Making the slope of the natural ground, etc.,
safe
|
|
[Sloping in the Case of Excavation by Hand
(i.e., not using power shovels, etc.)]
| Type of Natural Ground |
Surface Height of Excavation (m) |
Surface Slope of Excavation (degrees) |
| Natural ground consisting of rock or hard
clay |
Less than 5 |
90 |
| 5 or more |
75 |
| Other natural ground |
Less than 2 |
90 |
| 2 or more and less than 5 |
75 |
| 5 or more |
60 |
| Natural ground consisting of sand |
Less than a slope of 30 degrees or less than
5 m in height at the excavation
surface |
| Natural ground after blasting, etc. |
Less than a slope of 45 degrees or less than
2 m in height at the excavation
surface |
|
| * |
Assigning an inspector to check for loose
stones, cracks, cave-ins and surface
subsidence
in such places as natural ground, tunnels,
quarries, etc., before starting work. |
| * |
Installing shoring, tunnel shoring, etc.,
and safety net. Establishing an off-limits
area. |
| * |
With respect to quarries, etc., taking such
measures as utilizing posts, leaving
posts
in place, using lock bolts, etc., and
establishing
an off-limits area. |
| * |
Requiring workers to wear safety helmets.
|
2.Prevention of dangers due to flying and
falling objects
|
| * |
When throwing objects from an elevated site
with a height of 3 m or more, providing
throwing
facilities and stationing a watchman
to oversee
such activities. |
| * |
For places where there is a possible danger
that objects may fall (such as hanging
scaffolding,
etc.), installing protective netting
and
establishing an off-limits area. |
| * |
When lifting and/or lowering materials, equipment,
tools, etc., using a sling rope, lifting
bag, etc. |
|
| * |
When operations are being carried out in
the upper areas of places such as dry
docks,
construction sites, etc., requiring
workers
down below to wear safety helmets. |
| * |
When work is being carried out inside the
holds of ship, prohibiting activities on
different layers at the same time without
taking such measures as installing safety
net, protective covers or tarpaulins, etc. |
| * |
For vehicle-type construction machines that
are used places where there is a possible
danger of injury due to falling rocks,
etc.,
installing a sturdy head guard. |
| * |
With respect to handling cargo piles, securing
the load with rope, netting and/or rearranging
the stack, and establishing an off-limits
area.
|
3.Prevention of dangers due to falling objects
while lifting cargo, etc.
|
| * |
Installing study head guards on forklifts,
shovel-loaders, etc., where there is
a possible
danger that cargo loads may fall. |
| * |
In the case of loading and unloading operations
involving trucks, off-road cargo hauling
vehicles, in-yard hauling vehicles,
etc.,
and cargoes weighing 100kg or more,
assigning
an operation leader to confirm that
there
is no danger of falling cargo at the
time
ropes are loosened or covering sheets
are
removed. |
| * |
When there is a possible danger of cargo
falling from a conveyor, installing
a suitable
cover or enclosure. |
| * |
When using vehicle-type construction machines
for other than the designed purpose
by lifting
cargoes, establishing an off-limits
area. |
| * |
Setting up an off-limits area in places where
there is a possible danger that pulley
blocks,
pulley equipment, etc., may swing during
the operation of piling drivers and
pile
extractors. |
| * |
When lifting and lowering cargo using jack-type
lifting machines, establishing an off-limits
area and at the same time requiring
workers
to wear safety helmets. |
| * |
Prohibiting passage under cargo hoisting
equipment, cranes, etc.
|
4.Measures for the prevention of dangers
due to flying objects during the manufacturing
of products, etc.
|
| * |
When there is a possible danger of flying
objects due to cutting, breaking off,
etc.,
during manufacturing operations involving
machines, installing appropriate machine
covers or fencing. In cases where this
is
difficult, requiring the workers involved
to wear safety helmets. |
| * |
Taking the same measures as above in cases
where there is a possible danger of
injury
from flying cutting chips, etc. |
| * |
When carrying out the demolition or destruction
of structures or the crushing of concrete,
stone, etc., by means of a breaking
machine,
establishing an off-limits area. |
| * |
When filling a tire with air by means of
an air compressor, establishing a safety
fence, etc., to prevent injuries to
flying
pieces in the event the tire may burst,
etc.
|
| ("Regulations on the Prevention of Accidents
Resulting from Cargo Handling/Cargo
Hauling
Machines" will be discussed in
the next
session). |
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