アメリカ1970年労働安全衛生法
Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970
国際安全衛生センター仮訳

第2条：議会の所見と目的

2. Congressional Findings and Purpose

(a)　議会は労働環境から生じる人的な負傷及び疾病は、生産の損失、賃金の損失、医療費の支出、障害補償金支払いなどの面で、州際の通商に大きな負担となり、それを阻害していると考える。

(a) The Congress finds that personal injuries and illnesses arising out of work situations impose a substantial burden upon, and are a hindrance to, interstate commerce in terms of lost production, wage loss, medical expenses, and disability compensation payments.

(b)　議会は以下に掲げる手段により、州際及び外国との通商を規制するその権限の行使を通じて、一般の福祉を向上させ、わが国の男女労働者のためにできる限り健康な労働条件を保証し、わが国の人的資源を保全することが、議会の目的であり、政策であることを宣言する。

(b) The Congress declares it to be its purpose and policy, through the exercise of its powers to regulate commerce among the several States and with foreign nations and to provide for the general welfare, to assure so far as possible every working man and woman in the Nation safe and healthful working conditions and to preserve our human resources -

(1)　事業者及び労働者の、雇用の場における労働安全衛生事故の数を減らす努力を促進し、事業者及び労働者が安全で衛生的な労働条件を提供するための新しいプログラムを作成し、既存のプログラムを向上させる努力を奨励する：

(1) by encouraging employers and employees in their efforts to reduce the number of occupational safety and health hazards at their places of employment, and to stimulate employers and employees to institute new and to perfect existing programs for providing safe and healthful working conditions;

(2)　事業者及び労働者は安全で衛生的な労働条件の達成に個別の、しかし相互に依存する責任と権利を持つことを規定する：

(2) by providing that employers and employees have separate but dependent responsibilities and rights with respect to achieving safe and healthful working conditions;

(3)　労働長官に、州際通商に関係する事業に適用される義務的な労働安全衛生基準を設定する権限を与える。また本法に基づく審判機能を実行するために、労働安全衛生審査委員会を創設する：

(3) by authorizing the Secretary of Labor to set mandatory occupational safety and health standards applicable to businesses affecting interstate commerce, and by creating an Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission for carrying out adjudicatory functions under the Act;

(4)　安全で衛生的な労働条件を提供する、事業者及び労働者のイニシアチブを通じて、すでに達成された進歩をさらに積み重ねる：

(4) by building upon advances already made through employer and employee initiative for providing safe and healthful working conditions;

(5)　関係する心理学的要素を含む、労働安全衛生分野における研究を進める。さらに労働安全衛生の諸問題に対処するための革新的な方法、技術、アプローチを開発する：

(5) by providing for research in the field of occupational safety and health, including the psychological factors involved, and by developing innovative methods, techniques, and approaches for dealing with occupational safety and health problems;

(6)　労働衛生基準は労働安全基準とは異なる問題を持つ事実を認識した上で、潜伏性疾病を発見する方法を探究し、環境的条件中の疾病と労働間の因果関係を明らかにし、衛生上の諸問題に関連するその他の研究を進める：

(6) by exploring ways to discover latent diseases, establishing causal connections between diseases and work in environmental conditions, and conducting other research relating to health problems, in recognition of the fact that occupational health standards present problems often different from those involved in occupational safety;

(7)　労働者の誰もがその労働経験の結果、健康、身体機能、期待寿命を低下させないことを、可能な限り保証する医学的基準を設ける：

(7) by providing medical criteria which will assure insofar as practicable that no employee will suffer diminished health, functional capacity, or life expectancy as a result of his work experience;

(8)　労働安全衛生分野に従事する要員の数を増やし、能力を高めるための訓練プログラムを作成する：

(8) by providing for training programs to increase the number and competence of personnel engaged in the field of occupational safety and health;

(9)　労働安全衛生基準を開発、公布する：

(9) by providing for the development and promulgation of occupational safety and health standards;

(10)　禁止規定に違反するあらゆる個人に対する検査及び制裁の事前通告を与えることの禁止を含む効果的な執行プログラムを制定する：

(10) by providing an effective enforcement program which shall include a prohibition against giving advance notice of any inspection and sanctions for any individual violating this prohibition;

(11) by encouraging the States to assume the fullest responsibility for the administration and enforcement of their occupational safety and health laws by providing grants to the States to assist in identifying their needs and responsibilities in the area of occupational safety and health, to develop plans in accordance with the provisions of this Act, to improve the administration and enforcement of State occupational safety and health laws, and to conduct experimental and demonstration projects in connection therewith;

(12)　本法の目標達成に役立ち、労働安全衛生問題の性質を正確に表現するのに効果的な、労働安全衛生に関する適切な報告手続きを作成する：

(12) by providing for appropriate reporting procedures with respect to occupational safety and health which procedures will help achieve the objectives of this Act and accurately describe he nature of the occupational safety and health problem;

(13)　雇用から生じる傷害や疾病を低減する、共同の労働管理努力を促進する；

(13) by encouraging joint labor management efforts to reduce injuries and disease arising out of employment.